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SOCIALISM
A SUMMARY AND INTERPRETATION OF SOCIALIST PRINCIPLES
BY
JOHN SPARGO
AUTHOR OF "THE BITTER CRY OF THE CHILDREN," "THE
COMMON SENSE OF THE MILE QUESTION," "CAPITALIST
AND LABORER," "THE SOCIALISTS, WHO THEY ARE
AND WHAT THEY STAND FOR," "THE SPIRITUAL
SIGNIFICANCE OF MODERN SOCIALISM,"
ETC., ETC.
NEW AND REVISED EDITION
New York
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
1913
All rights reserved
Copyright 1906, 1909,
By THE MACMILLAN COMPANY.
Set up and electrotyped. Published June, 1906. ReprintedNovember, 1906; December 1908.
New and revised edition, February, 1909; January, 1910; May 1912; March, 1913.
Norwood Press
J. S. Cushing Co.—Berwick & Smith Co.
Norwood, Mass., U.S.A.
To
ROBERT HUNTER
WITH ADMIRATION AND AFFECTION
PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION
A new edition of this little volume having been rendered necessary, Ihave availed myself of the opportunity thus afforded me by thepublishers to revise it. Some slight revision was necessary to correctone or two errors which crept unavoidably into the earlier edition. Byan oversight, an important typographical blunder went uncorrected intothe former edition, making the date of the first use of the word"Socialism" 1835 instead of 1833. That error, I regret to say, has beensubsequently copied into many important publications. Even moreimportant were some errors in the biographical sketch of Marx, inChapter III. These were not due to any carelessness upon the part of thepresent writer, but were reproduced from standard works, upon whatseemed to be good authority—that of his youngest daughter and hisintimate friend, the late Wilhelm Liebknecht. It is now known withcertainty that the father of Karl Marx embraced Christianity of his ownfree choice, and not in obedience to an official edict.
These and some other minor changes having to be made, I took the time torewrite large parts of the[Pg viii] volume, making such substantial changes init as to constitute practically a new book. The chapter on Robert Owenhas been recast and greater emphasis placed upon his American career andits influence; in Chapter IV the sketch of the Materialistic Conceptionof History has been enlarged somewhat, special attention being given tothe bearing of the theory upon religion. All the rest of the book hasbeen changed, partly to meet the requirements of many students andothers who have written to me in reference to various points ofdifficulty, and partly also to state some of my own ideas moresuccessfully. I venture to hope that the brief chapter on "Means ofRealization," which has been added to the book by way of postscript,will, in spite of its brevity, and the fact that it was not written forinclusion in this volume, prove helpful to some who read the book.
The t