The cover image was created by the transcriber from a      scan of the original book cover and is placed in the public domain.    
M. Morelli.
CHARLES I (1600–1649)    
From the painting by van Dyck in the National Gallery, London.
LONDON
      IN THE TIME OF THE STUARTS    
BY
SIR WALTER BESANT
    LONDON
ADAM & CHARLES BLACK
    1903  
v
PREFACE
Abundant as is the mass of material for the    study of history and manners in the sixteenth    century,[1]    there is even a greater abundance    for the history, political and social, of the century of the Stuarts.    There are, however, two difficulties to be faced in such an inquiry.    The first is that the history of London is far more closely connected    with the history of the nation during the seventeenth than during the    sixteenth century. It may, indeed, be advanced that at no time, not    even when London deposed Richard II. and set up Henry IV., was the City    so closely involved in all the events of the time as in the seventeenth    century. The City at that time reached the highest point of its    political importance, an importance which vanished in the century that    followed.  
    Therefore the historian of London has before him the broad fact that    for sixty years, viz. from the accession of Charles I. to the expulsion    of James II., he should be pursuing the history of the country. In    this place, however, there is not space for such a history; it has    already been well told by many historians; and I have neither the time    nor the competence to write the history of this most eventful period.    I have therefore found it necessary to assume a certain knowledge    of events and to speak of their sequence with reference especially    to the attitude of the City; the forces which acted on the people;    their ideas; their resolution and tenacity under Charles I.; their    servility and obedience under Charles II.; and their final rejection    of the doctrines of passivevi    resistance, Divine right, and obedience    which made the departure of James possible, and opened the door for    constitutional government and the liberties of the people.  
    The second difficulty is, that while the century contains an    immense mass of material in the shape of plays, poems, fiction,    pamphlets, sermons, travels, sketches, biographies, trials, reports,    proclamations, ordinances, speeches, and every other conceivable    document for the restoration of the century, the period was sharply    divided into two by the Civi                        
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